Enterobius Vermicularis: Understanding Pinworm Infection

Summary

• 🦠 What is Enterobius Vermicularis?

  Enterobius vermicularis, commonly known as pinworm, is a nematode worm that causes enterobiasis, an intestinal disease characterized by symptoms related to intestinal mucosa damage.

• 🧫 Egg Morphology

  Pinworm eggs are oval, about 60 micrometers in size, with a smooth, transparent cover. They have a flat side and a curved side resembling the letter 'D'.

• 👩‍⚕️ Adult Worm Characteristics

  Adult female pinworms measure 8 to 13 mm long, while males are 2 to 5 mm. Females have a pointed tail and a vulva located in the anterior third of their body.

• 🌍 Epidemiology of Enterobiasis

  Enterobiasis is the most common parasitic infection worldwide, affecting around 400 million people, especially children aged 5 to 14. Transmission occurs via the anus-hand-mouth route.

• 🔄 Life Cycle of Pinworms

  The life cycle begins when larval eggs are ingested, maturing in the intestine. Females lay about 10,000 eggs at night, which can lead to self-infection.

• ⚠️ Symptoms and Pathogenesis

  Common symptoms include anal itching, insomnia, and abdominal pain. The infection can lead to deficiencies in zinc, copper, and vitamins, affecting children's growth.

• 🔬 Diagnosis Techniques

  Diagnosis is primarily through observing eggs in the perianal area using the Graham technique, which involves using sticky tape to collect samples.

• 💊 Treatment Options

  Mebendazole and albendazole are the main treatments, preventing the worm from absorbing glucose. Pyrantel pamoate is also effective.

• 🛡️ Prevention Measures

  Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, avoiding nail-biting, and not sharing underwear to reduce transmission.